"Understanding Simple Fractures in Cats"

"Understanding Simple Fractures in Cats"


What are Simple Fractures?

Cats commonly experience simple fractures from minor accidents, like falls or being stepped on. These fractures often affect the legs, pelvis, or tail and are more frequent in young, active cats with developing bones or senior cats with brittle bones. Malnourished cats may also be at risk due to weakened bones. If you suspect your cat has a fracture, seek veterinary care immediately. When transporting your injured pet, handle them carefully to avoid additional pain or injury.

A simple fracture is a bone break with no displacement or multiple fragments, resulting in just two bone pieces.

Symptoms of Simple Fractures in Cats:

A simple fracture is when the broken bone remains in place without displacement. While not as severe as fractures with displacement, multiple fragments, or bones breaking through the skin, it still causes significant symptoms in your cat, including:

  • Difficulty putting weight on the injured limb(s).
  • Limping or unusual walking.
  • Swelling around the fracture area.
  • Signs of pain, such as vocalizing distress.
  • Rapid breathing and potential signs of shock.
Lameness happens because a broken bone can’t handle the usual compression from weight and traction from muscle pull needed for normal movement and bearing weight.

Causes of Simple Fractures in Cats:

  • Falls.
  • Abuse.
  • Household accidents.
  • Motor vehicle accidents.

Sometimes fractures can happen from minimal stress or regular use due to bone weakness caused by cancerous tumors or a metabolic disorder that depletes calcium from the bones.

Other factors that predispose a cat to fractured bones include:

  • Young cats with developing bones.
  • Older cats with fragile bones.
  • Malnourished cats with weakened bones.
  • Overweight cats with increased stress on their bones.

Hairline fractures often occur in the middle of long bones, where applied leverage is more likely to cause injury due to the structural weakness of these bones.

Diagnosis of Simple Fractures in Cats:

Your vet will perform a thorough physical exam to locate pain, swelling, and lameness. They’ll also need your cat’s age, medical history, and details about any unusual activities or incidents that might have led to the fracture if the cause isn’t clear.
Your vet will likely order X-rays of the injured area, and sedation might be required to keep your pet still for accurate imaging. X-rays of both the injured and uninjured sides may also be taken for comparison.
Your vet will review the X-rays to identify the type, location, and severity of the fracture, whether it’s complete or incomplete. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment.

Treatment of Simple Fractures in Cats:

Your vet will give pain relief or sedation and offer supportive care as needed for your cat.
Some fractures are treated with casts or splints to keep the area immobilized. Modern splints are usually made from fiberglass, though plaster, wood, or metal can also be used. If the fracture is stable with minimal displacement, your vet might recommend simple cage rest to limit movement and promote healing.
Depending on the fracture’s severity and location, surgery might be needed, involving the insertion of pins or screws to align and stabilize the bone.
The prognosis for simple fractures in cats is generally positive, and most cats recover well with proper treatment.

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