Dexamethasone is a steroid commonly utilized in both human and veterinary medicine, primarily to reduce inflammation. While it can effectively alleviate symptoms of various conditions when used properly, it is crucial to follow dosage instructions precisely to prevent serious side effects.

What Does Dexamethasone Do?

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid mainly known for its anti-inflammatory effects. Unlike anabolic steroids, which are associated with muscle building, dexamethasone is a catabolic steroid that can break down muscle tissue. Similar to humans, dogs have natural hormones like cortisol, but dexamethasone is about 25 times more potent than cortisol.

When dexamethasone is used in dogs, it modifies the typical inflammatory response. While the dog’s body will still exhibit some level of inflammation, this can vary from mild symptoms, like itchy skin, to severe reactions, such as anaphylaxis. Dexamethasone is notably longer-lasting than other commonly used veterinary steroids, such as prednisone, with effects that can persist for up to three days after a single dose.

Diseases/Issues Dexamethasone Can Treat:

Dexamethasone is employed in the treatment of a variety of diseases, either as a primary therapy or as an adjunct. It can be used to address anaphylaxis caused by insect bites or uncommon vaccine reactions, manage spinal cord injuries, treat immune-mediated conditions such as immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and lupus, and assist in the management of certain cancers.

Steroids have been used for some time to manage severe skin conditions in dogs, especially when itching becomes so intense that the dog scratches itself excessively. While dexamethasone may still be prescribed for certain skin issues or severe ear infections, it is generally used for a short period. This is because other medications, such as Apoquel, are available to specifically address itching in dogs without the broader systemic effects associated with steroids.

Dexamethasone can be administered through injections, orally, or as eye drops to address eye inflammation. It is rarely used as the sole treatment for any condition; instead, it is typically a component of a broader treatment plan.

Side Effects of Dexamethasone Use:

Common side effects of steroids include increased appetite, thirst, and more frequent urination. When a dog is on dexamethasone, it’s important to ensure that their water bowl is always full and to provide frequent bathroom breaks. You might find that your dog begs more at the table during this time due to these side effects.

Although dexamethasone can be highly effective, it must be used carefully. Prolonged or improper use of this powerful, long-acting steroid can lead to significant hormonal and metabolic changes. Long-term use may also suppress the dog’s natural immune response, making it harder for the dog to fend off even minor infections. Additionally, dexamethasone can cause or worsen gastric ulcers. Never administer leftover steroid medication to your dog based on previous prescriptions; always have your pet re-evaluated, even if the medication was previously prescribed for a recurring issue like a severe ear infection.

If you have concerns about potential side effects, it’s crucial to consult your veterinarian about medication options. There may be alternative drugs that are equally effective for your dog’s condition but carry a lower risk of serious side effects. Always inform your veterinarian of all the medications your dog is currently taking, as some drugs should not be used together. For instance, Rimadyl, a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, can be very dangerous if used alongside dexamethasone or other steroids.

Considerations Before Using Dexamethasone for Dogs:

Dexamethasone is highly effective due to its long-lasting effects, but its strong impact on the body means veterinarians typically don’t use it as a first choice. Given the range of potential side effects, it’s important to monitor your dog closely for any signs. The dosing schedule for dexamethasone might differ from other medications your dog has had before, potentially requiring administration every other day or less frequently. Additionally, when stopping the medication, a gradual reduction is necessary to prevent sudden withdrawal effects on your dog’s body.